The Babylonian “Jewish” 

Banking House of Murašu & Sons (5th century B.C.) 

Shown above is the front of a banking receipt for the partial payment of a year’s rent on lands leased to the Murašu & Sons banking firm. The payer representing the firm, however, is otherwise unattested. Naqqitu, daughter of Murašu, is mentioned. The fragment dates itself to 9/5/24 Artaxerxes I= Aug. 8, 436 B.C.) and Naqqitu’s patronym allows her to be placed in the same generation as Murašu sons. This item is among 879 well-preserved terra cotta tablets of business records of the powerful Babylonian “Jewish” bankers Murašu & Sons. The 19th century historian Zénaďde Alexeďevna Ragozina (1834-1924) termed the contemporaneous “Jewish” Banking House of Agibi & Sons analogous to “Babylonian Rothschilds” whose more than 3,000 terra-cotta jars of banking records were unearthed in 1874 A.D.

By then, Exodus Jews had so long intermingled with the surrounding pagan populations along the Silk Road that they had become Bablylonian, Turkic, Sogdian, even some Chinese by blood according to new genetic findings. 1500 years later they were called “Rhadanites” (meaning from the vicinity of Babylon), were still Silk Road bankers and merchants, and shared ancestral blood with the Turkic Khazarian tribes, guardians of a new “northern route” of the Silk Road. In short, they lost their Hebrew identity 1500 years before their rebranding as “Azhkenazi” ca. 1000 A.D. following the disruption of the “southern route” of the Silk Road, the conquest of Babylon by the Seljuk Turk Moslems and the Seljuk loss of Jerusalem in the First Crusade (1096–1099 A.D.).

Sources: Matthew W. Stolper. (Oct. 01, 1976). The Genealogy of the Murašu Family (leading Jewish banker in Babylon ca. 5th century B.C.), Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 28, No. 4, 12 pgs. The University of Chicago Press. Source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1359718; 

See also Zénaďde Alexeďevna Ragozina (1834-1924). (1888). The Story of Media, Babylon, and Persia, including the history of The Banking House of Egibi & Sons (ca., 602-486 B.C.), Babylon. G.P. Putnam’s Sons (NY, London). Source: https://ia802605.us.archive.org/31/items/storymediababyl00ragogoog/storymediababyl00ragogoog.pdf